Note: When you select a letter, clicking on it will give you some feedback in the "answer frame". You can then follow up more details as indicated in the course books.
Back to Exam Revision List
Note: When you select a letter, clicking on it will give you some feedback in the "answer frame". You can then follow up more details as indicated in the course books. |
Back to Exam Revision List |
Q1 Choose the phrase from the key that most apppropriately completes the sentence below. 'Female green treefrogs can distinguish the calls of their own species by using ...'. Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q1
A ... low frequencies and temporal structure.
B ... high frequencies and intensity.
C ... low frequencies.
D ... high frequencies and temporal structure.
E ... low frequencies and intensity.
F
None of A-E
Q2 Which of the items in the key are involved in the coupling of sound in the auditory canal to the fluid in the cochlea? Choose TWO letters from the key.
KEY for Q2
A
Hair cells
B Pinna
C Incus
D Cochlear nerve
E Basilar membrane
F Tympanic membrane
Q3 Select from the key the item that completes the following statement correctly. Choose ONE letter from the key.
'When speaking, the stapedius muscle is ......... and, when listening intently, it is .........' .
KEY for Q3
A contracted, irrelevant
B irrelevant, contracted
C contracted, relaxed
D relaxed, irrelevant
E relaxed, contracted
Q4 Which of the items in the key best completes the sentence below? 'Retinal receptors ......... when stimulated by light.' Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q4
A polarize
B depolarize
C hyperpolarize
D release more transmitter
E
are bleached
Q5 Which of the items in the key best completes the sentence below? 'The set of cortical cells which have receptive fields in the same region of the retina is called ........ .' Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q5
A an orientation column
B simple cells
C hypercomplex cells
D a hypercolumn
E a grandmother detector
Q6 Select one phrase from the key that best completes this sentence. 'The phenomenon of referred pain is caused by ..... .' Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q6
A ... divergence of outputs from dorsal horn cells.
B ... convergence of inputs to dorsal horn cells.
C ... displacement of sensory inputs from internal organs.
D ... viscerospecific cells in the dorsal horn.
E ... stretching of the skin surface during development.
Q7 Which of the following statements relating to referred pain is true? Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q7
A Pain is normally referred from a site on the skin to an internal organ.
B Branches of the same peripheral sensory neuron have receptive fields on both an area of skin and an internal organ.
C Afferent neurons from a site on the skin and an internal organ synapse with each other in the dorsal root ganglion.
D During embryonic development, sensory neurons from an area of skin and an internal organ grow together and fuse to form a single neuron.
E Sensory neurons from an internal organ and from an area of skin synapse with a single neuron in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
F Pain is referred from one site on the body to the same region on the other side of the body.
Q8 Which of the following statements concerning sensory pathways does not apply to both the dorsal column pathway system and the spinothalamic tract system? Choose TWO letters from the key.
KEY for Q8
A
Afferent axons enter the spinal cord via the dorsal roots.
B Afferent axons synapse in the dorsal horn near the level of entry
of the afferent fibres.
C The pathway crosses the midline of the CNS.
D The pathway contains a synapse in the thalamus.
E The afferent neurons have receptive fields in skin.
F The pathway eventually terminates in the cerebral cortex.
Q9 Which of the phrases in the key accurately completes this sentence? 'Gate control inhibition is mediated by .... .' Choose ONE letter from the key.
KEY for Q9
A ... the release of enkephalins from interneurons in the substantia gelatinosa, which inhibit the release of substance P from small diameter afferent fibres.
B ... the release of enkephalins from interneurons in the substantia gelatinosa, which inhibit the release of substance P from large diameter afferent fibres.
C ... the release of enkephalins from T cells, which stimulate the release of substance P from descending fibres.
D ... the release of enkephalins from T cells, which inhibit the release of substance P from descending fibres.
E ... the release of substance P from small-diameter afferent fibres, which stimulate the release of enkephalins from descending fibres.
Q10 Which two of the following events listed would not be likely to reduce pain sensation? Choose TWO letters from the key.
KEY for Q10
A
Prevention of the release of inflammatory agents in the vicinity of peripheral
nociceptors
B Stimulation of afferent Aδ fibres
C Stimulation of C fibres
D Stimulation of neurons in the periaqueductal grey matter
E Stimulation of neurons in the raphe nucleus
F Increasing the release of enkephalins from neurons in the substantia
gelatinosa
G Increasing the release of substance P in the dorsal horn
Q11 Figure 5.34 of Book 3 (p. 194) shows a representation of the possible mechanism whereby enkephalins can exert their effect at the dorsal horn. Suppose, in this representation, that the activity of the T cells is seen to decrease. Which of the following would be likely to have caused this? Choose TWO letters from the key.
KEY for Q11
A
Tactile stimulation has been applied within the excitatory area of the
receptive field of the large diameter fibre.
B An agonist for substance P has been injected.
C A lesion has been made, cutting the descending pathway.
D Artificial electrical stimulation has been applied to excite the small
diameter afferent fibre.
E A drug has been taken that causes a surge of enkephalins from the
neuron terminal.
F Naloxone has been injected.
Back to Exam Revision List